Cataracts

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Prevention
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Resources
• References

Kidney stones

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Complications
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

• Patients who have the most common type of gastric bypass surgery, the Roux-en-Y, are at increased risk for kidney stones, beginning 6 months after surgery, according to a study published in 2006.

• Calcium stones form when there is an imbalance in the urine substances that promote and block the formation of stones. Often, the cause of this imbalance is unknown.
• Having acidic urine or too much uric acid in the body leads to the formation of uric acid stones.
• Struvite stones are almost always caused by urinary tract infections due to bacteria that produce certain enzymes.
• Other stones, including cystine and xanthine stones, are usually due to genetic abnormalities.

• In about 85% of patients, the kidney stones are small enough that they pass through normal urination, usually within 2 - 3 days.
• Certain medications can prevent recurrence of stones in people who are at high risk.
• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to break up simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract. The shock waves are delivered from outside the body.
• Surgery may be necessary if the stone or stones are too big to pass, and cannot be broken down through ESWL.
• A change of diet and increased drinking of fluids, especially water, will help prevent a recurrence.

Skin wrinkles and blemishes

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Blemishes
• Risk Factors
• Prevention
• Treatment
• Resurfacing Treatments
• Implant Procedures
• Plastic Surgery
• Resources
• References

• The skin of smokers ages more rapidly than the skin of non-smokers, even in areas of the body not exposed to sunlight, according to a 2007 study. Women in the study who smoked also had much lower levels of vitamin E secretions in their skin. Vitamin E may protect the skin from sun damage.
• There may be an association between smoking and higher frequency of a type of acne (noninflammatory acne) in adult women, according to a European study.

• A study in the Journal of Nutrition found that a combination of antioxidants and trace elements supplementation raises the risk of skin cancer in women, but not in men.

• Overall, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight (radiation referred to as UVA or UVB) accounts for about 90% of the symptoms of premature skin aging.
• UVB primarily affects the outer skin layers. - 0 Comments
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Diabetes diet

• Highlights
• Introduction
• General Dietary Guidelines...
• Major Food Components
• Weight Control for Type 2 D...
• Heart-Healthy Diets
• Diabetic Exchange Lists
• Exercise
• Resources
• References

Heart-healthy diet

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Dietary Changes
• Lifestyle Changes
• Resources
• References

• In 2006, the American Heart Association (AHA) revised its dietary and lifestyle recommendations. The new guidelines specifically recommend limiting daily saturated fat intake to less than 7% and trans fats to less than 1% of total daily calories.
• The AHA recommends consuming plenty of deep-colored vegetables and fruits, eating oily fish at least twice a week, and including whole grains in your daily diet.

• Women with existing heart disease may consider taking fish oil supplements, suggests 2007 AHA guidelines. Women should include a variety of low-mercury fish in their diet. - 3 Comments
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Urinary tract infection

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Resources
• References

• UTIs are the most expensive of all urologic diseases, accounting for about $3.5 billion a year in medical costs, including $96.4 million in prescriptions.
• Over 60% of women will experience a UTI at least once in their lifetime. At least a third of women experience a UTI by the time they are 24 years old.
• Only 20% of UTIs occur in men. - 0 Comments
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Sinusitis

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Diagnosis
• Prevention
• Treatment for Acute Sinusit...
• Treatment for Chronic Sinus...
• Surgery
• Resources
• References

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Symptoms
• Causes of Benign Prostatic ...
• Causes of Lower Urinary Tra...
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Diagnostic Tests
• Treatment
• Lifestyle Changes
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Resources
• References

High blood pressure

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Diagnosis
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Symptoms
• Treatment
• Lifestyle Changes
• Medications
• Classes of Medications
• Resources
• References