Kidney stones

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Medications
• Other Treatments
• Complications
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

• Patients who have the most common type of gastric bypass surgery, the Roux-en-Y, are at increased risk for kidney stones, beginning 6 months after surgery, according to a study published in 2006.

• Calcium stones form when there is an imbalance in the urine substances that promote and block the formation of stones. Often, the cause of this imbalance is unknown.
• Having acidic urine or too much uric acid in the body leads to the formation of uric acid stones.
• Struvite stones are almost always caused by urinary tract infections due to bacteria that produce certain enzymes.
• Other stones, including cystine and xanthine stones, are usually due to genetic abnormalities.

• In about 85% of patients, the kidney stones are small enough that they pass through normal urination, usually within 2 - 3 days.
• Certain medications can prevent recurrence of stones in people who are at high risk.
• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a technique that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to break up simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract. The shock waves are delivered from outside the body.
• Surgery may be necessary if the stone or stones are too big to pass, and cannot be broken down through ESWL.
• A change of diet and increased drinking of fluids, especially water, will help prevent a recurrence.

Diverticular disease

• Signs and Symptoms
• What Causes It?
• Who's Most At Risk?
• What to Expect at Your Provider's Office
• Treatment Options
• Following Up
• Prognosis/Possible Complications
• Supporting Research

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• Introduction
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• Symptoms
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
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• Other Treatments
• Treating the Complications...
• Lifestyle Changes
• Resources
• References

Viral encephalitis

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Prognosis
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Vaccinations
• Prevention
• Resources
• References

Varicella-zoster virus

• Signs and Symptoms
• Causes
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
• Preventive Care
• Treatment Approach
• Other Considerations
• Supporting Research

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• Highlights
• Introduction
• Cluster Headaches
• Causes
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis
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• Treatment for Acute Attacks...
• Preventive Medications
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• Resources
• References

Skin wrinkles and blemishes

• Highlights
• Introduction
• Blemishes
• Risk Factors
• Prevention
• Treatment
• Resurfacing Treatments
• Implant Procedures
• Plastic Surgery
• Resources
• References

• The skin of smokers ages more rapidly than the skin of non-smokers, even in areas of the body not exposed to sunlight, according to a 2007 study. Women in the study who smoked also had much lower levels of vitamin E secretions in their skin. Vitamin E may protect the skin from sun damage.
• There may be an association between smoking and higher frequency of a type of acne (noninflammatory acne) in adult women, according to a European study.

• A study in the Journal of Nutrition found that a combination of antioxidants and trace elements supplementation raises the risk of skin cancer in women, but not in men.

• Overall, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight (radiation referred to as UVA or UVB) accounts for about 90% of the symptoms of premature skin aging.
• UVB primarily affects the outer skin layers. - 0 Comments
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