FitSugar

Get Your Butt in Gear: Isis Whirlwind Shell

FitSugar — Fri, 14 Mar 2008 14:45:00 -0700

Now that the weather is warming up, it's rain you've got to worry about, not snow. Don't let a little drizzle keep you from exercising outdoors.

This Isis Whirlwind Shell ($79) is not only waterproof, but it's windproof, too, so you'll stay warm in this slightly chilly air. The inner lining is made with a breathable microcell coating; so if you sweat, the moisture won't get trapped making you wet and cold. The outer layer dries quickly, which also keeps you warm. It's super lightweight, only two ounces, so you won't even realize you're wearing it. Another cool thing is that the zippered pocket doubles as a stuff sack, so you can easily pack it on a hiking trip or bike ride. If you're not into the Bluebell color (shown), it also comes in a light-green color called Endive.

Get Your Butt in Gear: Isis Zip Neck Fleece

FitSugar — Tue, 09 Oct 2007 02:30:00 -0700

Even though the Chicago Marathon was marred by scorching temperatures, I am still thinking about layering for cooler weather. You want extra layers that will keep you warm without adding unnecessary bulk to your frame.

Check out the Ella Zip Neck from Isis. Don't they just scream fall? I love the gorgeous and soothing colors this fleece pullover comes in.

Since it's designed by Isis, you know that it's made to fit a woman's body and her active lifestyle. The 9" zipper can be pulled all the way up to keep your neck and chest warm, and it can be pulled down to cool you off. It's made of microfleece, so it's warm but not too bulky. It can be easily tied around your waist or stuffed in a pack to save when you need it.

This fleece is soft and cozy enough to wear alone, but can also be layered over a tank top or baselayer. Once winter comes, you can also use it as an extra layer under your coat. I love the feminine contoured fit and it's only $65. Order it from Isis.

Isis Laughs in the Face of Puddles

FitSugar — Mon, 12 Mar 2007 02:30:00 -0700

Spring is almost here and the idea of being in the great outdoors unburdened by layers upon layers of clothes sounds exhilarating, doesn't it?. Remember though, Spring does come with its fair share of puddles and mud. So whether you are looking forward to running, hiking or biking on your favorite trail you need not fear the mud. These Misty Mountain Pants from Isis will protect you.

They're baggy enough to fit over your leggings or running shorts, and they'll slide right over your sneaks or trail running shoes because they have 10 inch ankle zippers. The waistband is elastic, so it'll be snug and comfortable. These pants are made out of nylon with XPR coating to resist ripping and keep you dry.

Isis is a company made for and by women, so they know what we like. What's great about these pants is that they come in sizes 2-16, not just small, medium, and large. They understand that women come in all shapes and sizes, and we want clothes that will offer a flattering fit. Order a pair online for $79 from Isis directly.

Get Your Butt in Gear: ISIS

FitSugar — Tue, 26 Dec 2006 04:15:58 -0800

If you didn't receive that new ski jacket that was on your Christmas list, check out ISIS - their motto is "Our clothes don't just fit women's bodies, they fit women's lives."

ISIS is geared toward the active yet stylish woman, so they have you covered when it comes to performance clothing that's both functional and flattering.

These clothes are made by women, so they know what we like and what we need.

Check out their water-resistant down coat, the Whisper Jacket, which will keep you warm and dry for only $169.

Or my absolute favorite, a must-have, Split-P Tights. These are fleece-lined fitted pants that have an invisible zipper in the crotch to allow you to relieve yourself without getting completely undressed. Brilliant, right? Are these made for women or what?

Get Your Butt in Gear: Isis Whisper Hoodie Vest

FitSugar — Fri, 30 Nov 2007 15:30:00 -0800

In the Winter, I am a big vest fan. Especially when getting active because it keeps my core warm while letting my arms breath.

It's always an added bonus if I can find a vest with a hoodie, so I am loving this Whisper Vest ($139) by Isis. Made from 650-fill powder goose down, it keeps you warm when it's on your back, but it's still light enough that you won't feel weighed down. Perfect on its own on cool days and evenings, or even under a shell when you are planning a long day of running, hiking, or snowshoeing this Winter. I am also loving the fun color combinations. Buy it here.

Magnesium

FitSugar — Wed, 08 Oct 2008 17:35:25 -0700

HEALTH GUIDE REFERENCE FROM A.D.A.M

Overview

Magnesium is a mineral that is involved in over 300 reactions in the body. It is important for every organ in the body, particularly the heart, muscles, and kidneys. It also contributes to the composition of teeth and bones. Most importantly, it activates enzymes, contributes to energy production, and helps regulate calcium levels as well as copper, zinc, potassium, vitamin D, and other important nutrients in the body.

Magnesium is available in many foods. However, most people in the United States probably do not get as much magnesium as they should from their diet. Magnesium is found in whole unprocessed foods in the diet. However, different methods for calculating amounts of magnesium in foods often lead to conflicting results. In addition, not all foods have been thoroughly analyzed.

Despite the fact that dietary levels of magnesium are often low, actual deficiency of this nutrient is rare. Certain medical conditions, however, can upset the body's magnesium balance. For example, intestinal flu with vomiting or diarrhea can cause temporary magnesium deficiencies. Certain stomach and bowel diseases (such as irritable bowel syndrome or IBS and ulcerative colitis), diabetes, pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism (high thyroid hormone levels), kidney malfunction, and use of diuretics can lead to deficiencies. Too much coffee, soda, salt, or alcohol intake as well as heavy menstrual periods, excessive sweating, and prolonged stress can also lower magnesium levels.

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency may include agitation and anxiety, restless leg syndrome (RLS), sleep disorders, irritability, nausea and vomiting, abnormal heart rhythms, low blood pressure, confusion, muscle spasm and weakness, hyperventilation, insomnia, poor nail growth, and even seizures.

Foods rich in magnesium include unrefined grains, nuts and green vegetables. Green leafy vegetables are particularly good sources of magnesium because of their chlorophyll content.

Uses

Getting enough magnesium may help facilitate the results of conventional treatment for the following conditions:

Asthma and emphysema

A population-based clinical study of over 2,500 children aged 11 - 19 years found that low dietary magnesium intake may be associated with a risk of developing asthma. The same was found in a group of over 2,600 adults aged 18 - 70. In addition, some clinical studies suggest that intravenous and inhaled magnesium can help treat acute attacks of asthma in children aged 6 - 18 as well as adults. However, evidence from other clinical studies report that long-term oral magnesium supplementation does not lead to improved control in adult asthma.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Some experts believe that children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be exhibiting the effects of mild magnesium deficiency (such as irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion). In one clinical study of 116 children with ADHD, 95% were magnesium deficient. In a separate clinical study, 75 magnesium-deficient children with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive magnesium supplements in addition to standard treatment or standard treatment alone for 6 months. Those who received magnesium demonstrated a significant improvement in behavior, whereas those who received only standard therapy without magnesium exhibited worsening behavior.

These results suggest that magnesium supplementation, or at least high amounts of magnesium in the diet, may prove to be beneficial for children with ADHD.

Depression

Major depression is a mood disorder characterized by a sense of inadequacy, despondency, decreased activity, pessimism, and sadness where these symptoms severely disrupt and negatively affect the person's life. Clinical studies have found that dietary deficiencies of magnesium, coupled with excess calcium and stress may cause many cases of other related symptoms, including agitation, anxiety, irritability, confusion, sleeplessness, headache, confusion, and hyperexcitability.

Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is associated with low levels of magnesium in the blood. A large clinical study of over 2000 people found that higher dietary intake of magnesium may protect against development of type 2 diabetes. Magnesium was found to improve insulin sensitivity in these people, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Other clinical studies have found similar results, especially in the elderly. Magnesium deficiency in diabetic patients may decrease their immunity, making them more susceptible to infections and illnesses.

Fibromyalgia

Results of a preliminary clinical study including 24 people with fibromyalgia suggest that a proprietary tablet containing both malic acid and magnesium may improve pain and tenderness associated with this health condition when taken for at least 2 months. Others suggest that the combination of calcium and magnesium may be helpful for some people with fibromyalgia.

However, a review article evaluating many studies concluded that magnesium with malic acid offered no relief for those with this condition. Whether these supplements ease the discomfort of fibromyalgia may vary from one individual to the next. More studies are needed.

Heart disease

Magnesium is essential to heart health. This mineral is particularly important for maintaining a normal heart rhythm and is often used by physicians to treat irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). People with congestive heart failure (CHF) are often at particular risk for developing an arrhythmia. For this reason, your doctor may determine that magnesium should be a part of the treatment of CHF.

Results of studies using magnesium to treat heart attack survivors, however, have been inconsistent. Some studies have reported reduced death rates as well as fewer arrhythmias and improved blood pressure when magnesium is used as part of the treatment following a heart attack. In a hospital setting, if you have had a heart attack, the doctor will determine if magnesium supplementation, either intravenously or orally, is necessary.

High blood pressure

Eating low-fat dairy products along with lots of fruits and vegetables on a regular basis is associated with lower blood pressure. All of these foods are rich in magnesium as well as calcium and potassium. Singling out which of these nutrients is responsible for lowering blood pressure is difficult. A large clinical study of over 8,500 women found that a higher intake of dietary magnesium may decrease the development of high blood pressure in women.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Several clinical studies suggest that between 30 - 65% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have low levels of magnesium. Those with low levels may be more likely to complain of fatigue (excessive tiredness), diminished energy, and confusion. Whether magnesium supplements would improve these symptoms in people with HIV, however, has not been evaluated.

Intravenous magnesium is sometimes used by doctors to lower high blood pressure in a hypertensive crisis. Using magnesium supplements (even oral ones) for high blood pressure should only be done under the supervision of a competent health care provider.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis) may have low magnesium levels. In addition, there is some early clinical evidence that dietary magnesium supplements may be of some value for preventing IBD flare-ups.

Infertility and miscarriage

A small clinical study of infertile women as well as women with a history of miscarriage found that low levels of magnesium may impair reproductive function and increase the risk for miscarriage. The authors of the study suggest that one aspect of the treatment of infertility (particularly in women with a history of miscarriage) should include magnesium along with selenium. More research in this area is needed.

Menopause

Because magnesium improves the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, some practitioners suggest that women take calcium and magnesium together at a ratio of 2:1, particularly around the time of menopause. This helps prevent osteoporosis (loss of bone mass).

In addition, as estrogen levels drop during menopause, magnesium levels seem to diminish as well. For this reason, magnesium may also help to relieve some menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, depression, and insomnia. More research is needed.

Migraine headache

Magnesium levels tend to be lower in those with migraine headaches, including children and teenagers, when compared to those with tension headaches or no headaches at all. In addition, a few clinical studies suggest that magnesium supplements may decrease the length of time that one suffers from a migraine and reduces the amount of medication needed.

Some experts suggest that oral magnesium may be an appropriate alternative to prescription medication for people who suffer from migraine headaches. Other experts suggest that combining magnesium with the herb feverfew along with vitamin B2 (riboflavin) may be particularly helpful when you have a headache.

On the other hand, magnesium sulfate seems to be less effective than prescription medications for preventing migraines in those who have 3 or more headaches per month. The only exception to this may be women who get migraine headaches around the time of their menstrual period. In addition, magnesium supplements may prove to be a welcome option for migraine sufferers who cannot tolerate medications due to side effects or who can't take migraine medications due to pregnancy or heart disease. These issues are under scientific investigation.

Osteoporosis

Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and other micronutrient deficiencies are believed to play a role in the development of osteoporosis. Adequate intake of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D coupled with overall proper nutrition and weight-bearing exercise throughout childhood and adulthood are the primary preventive measures for this condition, in both men and women.

Preeclampsia and eclampsia

Intravenous magnesium sulfate is commonly used to prevent complications from preeclampsia and eclampsia. Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by a sharp rise in blood pressure during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women with preeclampsia may develop seizures, which is then called eclampsia. Magnesium, administered in the hospital intravenously (IV or into the veins), is the treatment of choice to prevent or treat seizures associated with eclampsia.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Scientific evidence and clinical experience suggest that magnesium supplements may help relieve symptoms associated with PMS, particularly bloating, insomnia, leg swelling, weight gain, and breast tenderness. Preliminary information suggests that magnesium may be helpful for alleviating mood swings as well.

Stroke

Population-based information suggests that people with low magnesium in their diet may be at greater risk for stroke. Some preliminary clinical evidence suggests that magnesium sulfate may be helpful in the treatment of a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA, or a temporary disturbance of blood supply to an area of the brain). More research is needed to know for certain if use of this mineral following a stroke or TIA is helpful.

Other

A small clinical study including only 10 patients found that magnesium improved insomnia related to restless legs syndrome (a disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, which are worse during periods of inactivity or rest or while sitting or lying down). In another study including 42 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, those who received intravenous magnesium sulfate before and after surgery required fewer pain-killers, experienced less discomfort, and slept better after surgery compared to those who received placebo.

Magnesium levels were also reported lower in alcoholics and those addicted to heroin. More studies are needed in using magnesium for addictive disorders.

Dietary Sources

Rich sources of magnesium include tofu, legumes, whole grains, green leafy vegetables, wheat bran, Brazil nuts, soybean flour, almonds, cashews, blackstrap molasses, pumpkin and squash seeds, pine nuts, and black walnuts. Other good dietary sources of this mineral include peanuts, whole wheat flour, oat flour, beet greens, spinach, pistachio nuts, shredded wheat, bran cereals, oatmeal, bananas, and baked potatoes (with skin), chocolate, and cocoa powder. Many herbs, spices, and seaweeds supply magnesium, such as agar seaweed, coriander, dill weed, celery seed, sage, dried mustard, basil, cocoa powder, fennel seed, savory, cumin seed, tarragon, marjoram, poppy seed.

Available Forms

Magnesium is available in many forms. Recommended types include magnesium citrate, magnesium gluconate, and magnesium lactate, all of which are more easily absorbed into the body than other forms such as magnesium oxide. Time-release preparations may improve magnesium absorption. Ask your health care provider.

Other familiar sources of magnesium are magnesium hydroxide (often used as a laxative or antacid) and magnesium sulfate (generally used orally as a laxative or in multivitamins, or added to a bath). Some magnesium can be absorbed through the skin.

How to Take It

Be sure to check with your health care provider before taking magnesium supplements and before considering them for a child. Under certain circumstances, such as certain heart arrhythmias and preeclampsia, a doctor will have magnesium administered intravenously (into the veins) in the hospital.

It is a good idea to take a B vitamin complex, or a multivitamin containing B vitamins, because the level of vitamin B6 in the body determines how much magnesium will be absorbed into the cells.

Dosages are based on the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) issued from the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States Government's Office of Dietary Supplements, part of the National Institutes of Health.

Pediatric

For infants and children up to 3 years of age: The recommended dietary intake is 40 - 80 mg daily.

For children 4 - 6 years of age: The recommended dietary intake is 120 mg daily.

For children 7 - 10 years of age: The recommended dietary intake is 170 mg daily.

For adolescent and adult males: The recommended dietary intake is 270 - 400 mg daily.

For adolescent and adult females: The recommended dietary intake is 280 - 300 mg daily.

For pregnant females: The recommended dietary intake is 320 mg daily.

For breast-feeding females: The recommended dietary intake is 340 - 335 mg daily.

Magnesium needs increase during times of protein synthesis, such as pregnancy, recovering from surgery and illnesses, and athletic training.

Precautions

Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, dietary supplements should be taken only under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider. Individuals with heart or kidney disease should not take magnesium supplements except under the guidance of a qualified health care provider.

It is extremely rare to overdose on magnesium from food alone. However, people who consume excessive amounts of milk of magnesia (as a laxative or antacid) or epsom salts (as a laxative or tonic) may overdose on this magnesium, especially if they have kidney problems. Too much magnesium can cause serious health problems, including nausea, vomiting, severely lowered blood pressure, slowed heart rate, deficiencies of other minerals, confusion, coma, and even death. More common side effects from magnesium include upset stomach and diarrhea.

Magnesium competes with calcium for absorption and can cause a calcium deficiency if calcium intake levels are already low. Magnesium may be depleted from the body due to certain medications. Medications that may decrease magnesium levels in the body include chemotherapy drugs, diuretics, digoxin (Lanoxin), hormonal supplementation, steroids, and certain antibiotics.

Possible Interactions

If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use magnesium without first talking to your health care provider.

Antibiotics --The absorption of quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and moxifloxacin (Avelox), tetracycline antibiotics, including tetracycline (Sumycin), doxycycline (Vibramycin), and minocycline (Minocin), and nitrofurantoin (Macrodandin), may be diminished when taking magnesium supplements. Therefore, magnesium should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking these medications to avoid interference with absorption.

Blood Pressure Medications, Calcium Channel Blockers --Magnesium may increase the likelihood of negative side effects (such as dizziness, nausea, and fluid retention) from calcium channel blockers (particularly nifedipine or Procardia) in pregnant women. Other calcium channel blockers include amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), and verapamil (Calan).

Diabetic Medications -- Magnesium hydroxide, commonly found in antacids such as Alternagel, may increase the absorption of glipizide and glyburide, medications used to control blood sugar levels. Ultimately, this may prove to allow for reduction in the dosage of those medications.

Digoxin -- It is important that normal levels of magnesium be maintained while taking digoxin (Lanoxin) because low blood levels of magnesium can increase adverse effects from this drug, including heart palpitations and nausea. In addition, digoxin can lead to increased loss of magnesium in the urine. A health care provider will follow magnesium levels closely to determine whether magnesium supplementation is necessary in individuals taking digoxin.

Diuretics -- Two types of diuretics known as loop (such as furosemide or Lasix) and thiazide (including hydrochlorothiazide) can deplete magnesium levels. For this reason, doctors who prescribe diuretics may consider recommending magnesium supplements as well.

Hormone Replacement Therapy for menopause -- Magnesium levels tend to decrease during menopause. Clinical studies suggest, however, that hormone replacement therapy may help prevent the loss of this mineral. Postmenopausal women or those taking hormone replacement therapy should talk with a health care provider about the risks and benefits of magnesium supplementation.

Levothyroxine -- There have been case reports of magnesium containing antacids reducing the effectiveness of levothyroxine, which is taken for an under active thyroid. This is important because many people take laxatives containing magnesium without letting their doctor know.

Penicillamine -- Penicillamine, a medication used for the treatment of Wilson's disease (a condition characterized by high levels of copper in the body) and rheumatoid arthritis, can inactivate magnesium, particularly when high doses of the drug are used over a long period of time. Even with this relative inactivation, however, supplementation with magnesium and other nutrients by those taking penicillamine may reduce side effects associated with this medication. A health care provider can determine whether magnesium supplements are safe and appropriate if you are taking penicillamine.

Tiludronate and Alendronate -- Magnesium may interfere with absorption of medications used in osteoporosis, including alendronate (Fosamax). Magnesium supplements or magnesium-containing antacids should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking these medications to minimize potential interference with absorption.

Others -- Aminoglycoside antibiotics (such as gentamicin and tobramycin), thiazide diuretics (such as hydrochlorothiazide), loop diuretics (such as furosemide and bumetanide), amphotericin B, corticosteroids (prednisone or Deltasone), antacids, and insulin may lower magnesium levels. Please refer to the depletions monographs on some of these medications for more information.

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Review Date:
5/14/2007
Reviewed By:
Ernest B. Hawkins, MS, BSPharm, RPh, Health Education Resources; and Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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adam.com

Myocardial infarction

FitSugar — Wed, 08 Oct 2008 17:34:55 -0700

Overview

Signs and Symptoms
Causes
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Preventive Care
Treatment Approach
Other Considerations
Supporting Research

HEALTH GUIDE REFERENCE FROM A.D.A.M

Myocardial infarction is the technical name for a heart attack. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, which carries oxygen, to every organ in the body – including the heart itself. A heart attack occurs when an artery leading to the heart becomes completely blocked and the heart doesn’t get enough blood or oxygen. Cells in that area of the heart start to die (called an infarct).

A heart attack is a medical emergency. If you or someone you know has any of the symptoms below, call 911 immediately. Waiting even 15 minutes can be fatal. But if you get prompt medical treatment, you can limit damage to your heart. Although heart attack is the leading cause of death in the United States, up to 95% of people who are hospitalized with a heart attack survive.

Most heart attacks are caused by blood clots, which are in turn caused by atherosclerosis (stiffening and narrowing of the arteries). High blood fats (triglycerides) and LDL or “bad” cholesterol form plaque inside arteries, narrowing the passageway and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through. Your lifestyle plays a crucial role in preventing a heart attack or recovering from one. Eating a heart-healthy diet and getting at least 30 minutes of exercise five days a week (or more) can reduce your risk of heart attack.

Signs and Symptoms

Squeezing pain, heaviness, tightness, pressure in center of chest
Pain that spreads to your back, left arm, jaw, neck
Shortness of breath
Dizziness, weakness
Nausea, vomiting
Irregular heartbeat
Sweating
Feeling of doom

Women may experience different symptoms than men. In women, along with chest pain, symptoms can include:

Heartburn or pain in the abdomen
Unusual fatigue
Clammy skin

Causes

Heart attacks happen when an artery supplying your heart with blood becomes blocked. Without blood, the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen and cells in the heart start to die.

The most common cause of blocked arteries is atherosclerosis. No one knows the exact cause of atherosclerosis, but most researchers believe it begins with an injury to the innermost layer of the artery, known as the endothelium. The following factors are thought to contribute to the damage:

High blood pressure
Elevated LDL ("bad") cholesterol
An accumulation of homocysteine (an amino acid produced by the human body, thought to be a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, diabetes, and dementia)
Smoking
Diabetes
Inflammation

Once the artery is damaged, blood cells called platelets build up there to try and repair the injury. Over time, fats, cholesterol, and other substances also build up at the site, which thickens and hardens the artery wall. The amount of blood that flows through the artery is decreased, and oxygen supply to organs also decreases. Blood clots may also form, blocking the artery.

Rarely, a spasm in a coronary artery (one that supplies blood to the heart) stop blood flow and can cause a heart attack.

Risk Factors

These risk factors increase your chances of developing atherosclerosis:

Smoking
High-fat diet
High LDL “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides (fats in the blood)
Lack of exercise
Being overweight or obese
Family history of heart attack
Diabetes
High blood pressure
Being male, or a female who has gone through menopause
Stress

Also, people who have elevated homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen levels seem to have an increased risk of heart attack. These are markers of inflammation, but researchers aren’t sure whether they contribute to heart disease or occur when you have heart disease. High homocysteine can be treated with folic acid (see Nutrition and Supplements). More research in these areas is currently underway.

Diagnosis

If you think that you are having a heart attack, don’t wait to be sure – call 911 immediately. Treating a heart attack quickly can save your life, while delay can be fatal. In the emergency room, a doctor will ask you about your symptoms and perform a physical examination. He or she will immediately run tests to determine your heart function. They may include:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) - the first test done to check for a heart attack; you may be hooked up to a monitor even as the doctor is asking you questions. An ECG measures electrical activity of your heart.

Blood tests - Your doctor may look for certain enzymes that are released into your blood when you have a heart attack.

Other tests include:

Chest x-ray
Echocardiogram (uses sound waves to take a picture of your heart)
Coronary catheterization or angiogram (uses a liquid dye inserted through a catheter to see whether your arteries are blocked)
Stress test (involves walking on a treadmill while hooked up to a ECG machine to see how your heart responds to exercise)

Preventive Care

You can reduce your risk of heart attack by:

Stopping smoking.
Getting aerobic exercise (such as walking, biking, or swimming) for at least 30 minutes 5 days per week. If you haven't exercised much in the past, walking is a great way to start.
Reducing stress and learning stress-reduction techniques such as deep breathing and meditation. Yoga and tai chi, two forms of exercise that emphasize stretching, breathing, and meditating, can also help you reduce your stress level.
Eating a diet low in saturated fat and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Losing weight or maintaining a proper weight.

If you have high cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure, follow your doctor’s instructions to keep these risk factors under control. You may need medications in addition to lifestyle changes. If you don't have heart disease yet or have not had a heart attack despite these risk factors, aggressive control can help prevent a heart attack. And, if you already have heart disease, aggressive control of these risk factors can prevent further heart attacks or other problems related to heart disease.

Treatment Approach

The goal when treating a heart attack is to restore blood flow to the affected area of the heart immediately, to preserve as much heart muscle and heart function as possible. If your doctor has prescribed nitroglycerin, take it while you are waiting for emergency medical personnel to arrive. Once at the hospital, your doctor may use drug therapy, angioplasty (using one of several methods to clear the blocked blood vessel, such as inflating a balloon inside it or holding it open with a device called a stent), and surgery.

Once you have been treated for a heart attack, making changes in your lifestyle (especially in your diet and exercise habits) and taking medications as prescribed is very important for avoiding recurrent heart attacks and even death. Although certain herbal remedies as well as relaxation techniques may also be used, they should never be used alone to treat a heart attack. A heart attack always requires emergency medical attention.

Lifestyle

Making lifestyle changes can improve many of your risk factors for heart disease, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, extra weight, high homocysteine, and elevated C-reactive protein. Cardiac rehabilitation programs generally involve teaching you about diet, physical activity, and relaxation techniques. To keep your risk factors low, you will need to follow the healthy habits taught in cardiac rehab, like exercise and eating properly, for the rest of your life.

Medications

Aspirin - helps stop blood from clotting. You may be given aspirin in the ambulance or as soon as you get to the hospital.

Nitroglycerin - helps dilate (widen) blood vessels. You may be given nitroglycerin in the ambulance or as soon as you get to the hospital.

Pain reliever - Morphine is often given intravenously (IV) to relieve pain.

Thrombolytics - “Clot-busting” drugs may be used, depending on the type of heart attack. They are most effective when taken within 2 hours of the heart attack, and are not given after 12 hours have elapsed. These drugs may be given with other anticoagulants (blood-thinners).

Anticoagulants (blood-thinners) - Make your blood less likely to form clots. Heparin is often given by injection while you are in the hospital.

After you recover, other drugs are used to lower your risk of having another heart attack. They include:

ACE inhibitors - widen blood vessels and make it easier on your heart to pump blood. Side effects can include chronic cough. ACE inhibitors include

Benazepril (Lotensin)
Captopril (Capoten)
Fosinopril (Monopril)
Lisinopril (Zestril)
Enlapril (Vasotec)

Beta-blockers - slows heart rate, thus lowering blood pressure. These drugs include

Acebutolol (Sectral)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Carteolol (Cartrol)
Metoprolol (Toprol XL)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Propranolol (Inderal)

Statins - help lower cholesterol. People who are pregnant or have liver disease should not take statins. They include

Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Niacin (nicotinic acid) - In prescription form, is sometimes used to lower cholesterol. Dietary supplements of niacin should not be used instead of prescription niacin, as it can cause side effects. Only take niacin for high cholesterol with your doctor's supervision.

Bile acid sequestrants - lowers cholesterol; people who have high levels of triglycerides (fats in the blood) should not take bile acid sequestrants. These drugs include

Cholestyramine (Questran)
Colestipol (Colestid)
Colesevelam (Welchol)

Fibric acid derivatives - lower triglycerides and moderately lower LDL cholesterol. They include Gemfibrozil (Lopid).

Anticoagulants (blood thinners) - help keep clots from forming. Your doctor may prescribe aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), or Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Surgical Treatments

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) – In primary PCI, the doctor performs a coronary angiogram (injecting dye into the arteries) to see where the artery is blocked. The doctor then performs balloon angioplasty (widening an artery with a balloon), often with stent placement, to keep the artery open.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) – This surgery bypasses the blocked arteries by using a graft of another blood vessel (usually from your arm or leg) to restore blood flow to the heart.

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements

Healthy eating habits can help reduce high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and overweight –three of the major risk factors for heart disease. The American Heart Association (AHA) has developed dietary guidelines that help lower fat and cholesterol intake and reduce the risk of heart disease and heart attack. The AHA does not recommend very low-fat diets, because new research shows that unsaturated ("good") fats, such as those found in olive oil, are good for your heart.

Many fad diets are popular, but they may not help you lose weight and keep it off – and in some cases, they may not even be healthy. Any healthy diet will include a variety of foods. If a diet bans an entire food group (such as carbohydrates), it's probably not healthy.

The AHA recommends the following for healthy eating:

Grains: 6 to 8 servings per day (half should be whole grains)
Vegetables: 3 to 5 servings per day
Fruits: 4 to 5 servings per day
Fat-free or low-fat dairy: 2 to 3 servings per day
Lean meat, poultry, seafood: 3 to 6 oz. per day (about the size of a deck of cards)
Fats and oils: 2 to 3 tbsp. per day (use unsaturated fats such as olive oil or canola oil)
Nuts, seeds, legumes: 3 to 5 servings per week
Sweets, sugars: 5 or fewer servings per week (the fewer, the better)

In addition, the AHA also recommends eating 2 servings of fatty fish (such as salmon or lake trout) per week; holding sodium (salt, including salt already added to food) to 2,400 mg per day or less; and limiting alcohol intake to one drink a day for women and two for men.

Diets for People with High Blood Pressure

People with high blood pressure especially need to lower the amount of sodium in their diet. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) emphasizes a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat or non-fat dairy products that provide high intake of potassium, magnesium, and calcium sources. Sodium intake should be between 1,500 mg to 2,400 mg per day (the lower, the better) . Weight loss, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol are also very important factors for lowering blood pressure.

Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean Style Diet concentrates on whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, and moderate, daily wine consumption. The Mediterranean Style Diet is not low-fat; it is low in saturated fat but high in monounsaturated fat. It appears to be heart-healthy: In a long-term study of 423 patients who had a heart attack, those who followed a Mediterranean Style Diet had a 50% to 70% lower risk of recurrent heart disease compared with people who received no special dietary counseling.

Vitamins and Supplements

Some supplements may help lower your risk factors for heart attacks, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Most do not work as well as prescription medications, but some can be used along with prescription medications in your treatment. If you have had a heart attack or are at high risk of having on, be sure to ask your doctor before taking any supplements.

Folic acid (400 mcg per day), vitamin B6 (25 to 100 mg per day), vitamin B12 (2 to 100 mcg per day) - The B vitamins help the body break down homocysteine, an amino acid that's been linked to increased risk of heart disease and stroke. Researchers believe that homocysteine may also contribute to atherosclerosis by damaging artery walls, making it easier for blood clots to form – but so far they haven't found a definite link. Researchers also don't yet know whether taking B vitamins reduces the risk of atherosclerosis or heart attack, nor do they know how much might have an effect. Talk to your doctor about checking your homocysteine levels and whether your doctor would recommend a B complex vitamin supplement. In the meantime, be sure to get enough B vitamins through your diet by eating fruits and leafy green vegetables every day.
Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil, 1 to 4 g per day) - There is good evidence that omega-3 fatty acids (known as EPA and DHA) found in fish oil can help treat atherosclerosis by preventing the development of plaque and blood clots. Omega-3s can also help prevent heart disease, lower blood pressure, and reduce the level of triglycerides (fats) in the blood. The AHA recommends that people eat at least two servings of fatty fish (such as salmon) per week. For people who have had a heart attack, several studies show that eating fish or taking fish oil reduces the risk of both fatal and nonfatal heart attacks, as well as lowers your risk of death from any cause. Because fish oil at high doses can increase the risk of bleeding, talk to your doctor before taking a high dose (more than 1 g per day), especially if you already take blood-thinning medication.
Beta-sitosterol (800 mg to 6g per day in divided doses about 30 minutes before meals) - Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol, a chemical found in plants that can stop cholesterol from being absorbed by the intestines. A number of well-designed scientific studies have shown that beta-sitosterol does lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels in the body. Beta-sitosterol may lower the amount of vitamin E and beta-carotene absorbed by the body, so you may want to ask your doctor if you need to take extra E or carotene.
Policosanol (5 to 10 mg two times per day) - Policosanol is a mix of waxy alcohols usually derived from sugar cane and yams. Several studies have indicated it may lower LDL ('bad") cholesterol and possibly even raise HDL ("good") cholesterol. One study found that policosanol was equivalent to fluvastatin (Lescol) and simvastatin (Zocor) in lowering cholesterol levels. It may also help stop blood clots from forming. However, almost all the studies have been conducted in Cuba by a research group that uses a proprietary form of policosanol and is funded by the manufacturer, so it is hard to evaluate the evidence. Policosanol may increase the risk of bleeding, and should not be taken by people who also take blood-thinning medications.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) - Researchers believe that CoQ10 may help stop blood clots from forming and boost levels of antioxidants. One study found that people who received daily CoQ10 supplements within three days of a heart attack were much less likely to experience another heart attack and chest pain. They were also less likely to die from heart disease than those who did not receive the supplements. Statins, drugs that lower cholesterol, can actually interfere with the body’s natural ability to make CoQ10, so your doctor may recommend taking a CoQ10 supplement. Still, more research is needed to say whether CoQ10 has any role in preventing or treating atherosclerosis.
Psyllium (Plantago psyllium, 10 to 30 g per day in divided doses taken 30 to 60 minutes after meals) - Taking psyllium, a type of fiber, helps lower cholesterol levels as well as blood sugar levels. If you take medicine for diabetes, talk to your doctor before taking psyllium.
L-carnitine (4 to 6 g per day) - Studies suggest that people who take L-carnitine (an amino acid) soon after a heart attack may be less likely to have a subsequent heart attack, die of heart disease, experience chest pain and abnormal heart rhythms, or develop congestive heart failure. (Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart can’t pump blood properly and blood backs up into the lungs and legs.) Studies also suggest that people with heart disease who take carnitine may be better able to exercise. Most studies used a special form of carnitine called propionyl-L-carnitine.

Herbs

Herbs should not be used in place of emergency medical attention for a heart attack, nor should they be used by themselves to lower your risk of heart attack after you’ve had one. However, some can be used along with prescription medications in your treatment. If you have had a heart attack or are at high risk of having on, be sure to ask your doctor before taking any herbs.

Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna, 160 to 1,800 mg per day in two or three divided doses) - Hawthorn contains the polyphenols rutin and quercetin, and was used traditionally to treat cardiovascular diseases. Animal and laboratory studies show that hawthorn has antioxidant properties that help protect against the formation of plaques and may help lower high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Talk to your doctor before taking hawthorn, as it can interact with other drugs taken for heart disease and high blood pressure.
Garlic (Allium sativum, 900 mg per day of garlic powder, standardized to 0.6% allicin) - Clinical trials have shown that fresh garlic and garlic supplements may lower cholesterol levels, prevent blood clots, and destroy plaque. However, other studies show mixed evidence. In one study, people who had a previous heart attack and then took a garlic oil extract for 3 years had fewer second heart attacks and a 50% reduction in death rate than those who did not take garlic. Garlic can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be taken if you are also taking blood-thinning medication.
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and other flavonoids - A close relative of the cranberry, bilberry fruits contain flavonoid compounds called anthocyanidins. Flavonoids are plant pigments that have antioxidant properties, and researchers think they may help prevent a number of illnesses including heart disease and diabetes. Bilberry has been used traditionally to treat heart disease, but only animal and test-tubes studies have been done. Animal studies have found that anthocyanidins and other flavonoids may strengthen blood vessels, improve circulation, and prevent LDL ("bad") cholesterol from being damaged (which may cause blood clots to form in arteries).
Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) – Ginseng may help reduce risk factors for heart disease, including lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, but more studies are needed to be sure. Ginseng can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be taken if you are also taking blood-thinning medication. Ginseng should not be used if you have high blood pressure unless your doctor recommends it.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) - Population studies suggest that regularly drinking green tea may reduce the risk of heart attack from atherosclerosis. It also may help you lower your cholesterol and your weight, although more research is needed to know for sure.
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) - Kudzu has been used traditionally to treat heart disease, including heart attack and congestive heart failure. A few studies suggest it may help relieve angina, but the studies were of poor quality. More research is needed to know whether kudzu has any benefit for heart disease.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy should not be used instead of immediate medical attention for a heart attack. Homeopathy may, however, be used to help reduce your risk of heart disease. Although few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific homeopathic remedies, professional homeopaths would recommend appropriate therapy to lower high blood pressure and cholesterol. Before prescribing a remedy, homeopaths take into account your constitutional type. In homeopathic terms, a person's constitution is his or her physical, emotional, and intellectual makeup. An experienced homeopath would assess all of these factors when determining the most appropriate remedy for you as an individual.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture may be helpful in reducing some risk factors for heart disease. Some studies show that it can help people who want to stop smoking, and it may help some people lose weight and lower their blood pressure.

Massage and Physical Therapy

Although few studies have examined the effectiveness of massage therapy for heart disease, massage has a relaxing effect and can reduce stress-related hormone levels. Lowering stress hormone levels can lower cholesterol and blood pressure, reducing your risk of heart disease. In addition, relaxation techniques may help you make lifestyle changes such as eating healthy, quitting smoking, and exercising. At least one study found that massage can lower blood pressure.

Other Considerations

Prognosis and Complications

After a heart attack, a person’s prognosis depends on how damaged the heart is. If the person is alive 2 hours after an attack, he or she has a good chance for survival, but may experience complications such as:

Irregular heart rhythm, called an arrhythmia
Congestive heart failure
Shock
Infarct extension (extension of the amount of affected heart tissue) or recurrent heart attack(s)
Pericarditis (infection around the lining of the heart)
Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs)
Complications from treatment (for example, thrombolytic agents increases the risk of bleeding)

The good news, however, is that heart attacks are not always disabling, especially when there are no complications. In fact, a full recovery is possible that allows you to do all the tings you used to do, including sexual activity. Going through cardiac rehabilitation and sticking with lifestyle changes can help lead to a positive recovery.

Supporting Research

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Berthold HK, Sudhop T. Garlic preparation for prevention of atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1998;9(6):565-569.

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Review Date:
12/26/2007
Reviewed By:
Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

A.D.A.M. Copyright

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Get Your Butt in Gear: Pink and Red Sport Tops

FitSugar — Wed, 13 Feb 2008 11:00:00 -0800

I love to wear bright red and pinks when I work out, not just because tomorrow is Valentine's Day, but because these colors convey a sense of happiness and confidence, as well as femininity. Maybe it's just in my mind, but I always feel like I have more energy if I'm wearing a hot-pink top as opposed to a dull and boring black one.

So many great companies make brilliant red and pink tops. This Scoop-Back Star Tank ($49) made by Isis has a built-in shelf bra and is a racer back so it's not just fun, it's also supportive enough for a jog or bike ride.

Want to see the rest of my favorites? Then read more.

Lululemon: Athletic Deep V Neck ($?)	Nike: Women's Winter Control Seamless Tank ($50)
prAna: Sabin Racer Top ($44)	Moving Comfort: Lila Support Tank ($40)	Stonewear Designs: Apex Top ($39.50)

Be a Smart Bag Handler

FitSugar — Thu, 18 Oct 2007 03:30:00 -0700

Oversize bags, purses, and gym bags can be convenient, but they're not good for your back, your shoulders, or your neck. O magazine loves to give tips on being both trendy and healthy. And what's more important than a woman's health and her purse?

Here are a few highlights on keeping your bag safe for your body:

Your weight and your fate: (New York-based chiropractor) Isis M. Medina's rule is that you should tote no more than 10 percent of your body weight-so a bag that's more than five pounds when empty is a bad start. If your load is excessive, your head and neck jut forward rather than staying over your shoulders, which can lead to headaches, neck tension, and back pain.
Getting a handle: Long-strapped shoulder bags are out: They tug you to one side in a C shape, with the purse bumping at your hip and the strap slipping (so you hunch up your shoulder to keep it in place). Avoid chains, too; they tend to gouge the flesh. Look for short handles, not too flimsy or narrow (with very skinny straps on a hefty bag, you're asking for trouble).
No feed bags: Slouchy may be in, but Medina likes structure: When items shift around and aren't well distributed, your balance is thrown off. Even an oversize bag can work, the doctor assures us, if it's got a definite shape, a firm base, and inner compartments to keep belongings stable.
Easy access: If you have to do a major dig to find your phone or comb, you're twisting and distorting your torso. You want possessions to be reachable yet secure-a long top zipper or magnetic closure helps; Medina also likes outside pockets for frequently needed essentials.

Fit's Tip: Check out the Puddle Jumper Bag for all your gym gear, it's one that I think Medina would approve.

Source

Fit Finding: Cute Ski Outfit

FitSugar — Wed, 10 Jan 2007 16:59:59 -0800

Skiing is about having a good time, but I'd like to look cute as I slowly pick my way down the mountain. So let's go Fit Finding for a new ski outfit. I need a jacket and some pants.

Here are a few online stores that might just have what we're looking for:
Outdoor Diva
ISIS
Paragon Sports
Fera

Be sure to tag your finds with the phrase new ski gear.

If you've never done a Fit Find, let me tell you it is so easy and fun. Just read geeksugar's bookmarking explanation and you'll be all set.