FitSugar

The Geography of Stress in the USA

FitSugar — Thu, 16 Apr 2009 03:00:00 -0700

The state that created the concept of hanging loose is unsurprisingly the least stressed-out state in the union. According to a CDC phone survey, involving 2.4 million Americans, fewer Hawaiians experience "frequent mental distress" than anywhere else in the US.

Participants were asked the total days, out of the previous 30, they would describe their mental health as being "not good." The term mental health includes stress, depression, and emotional problems. If they answered 14 days, participants were classified as having "frequent mental distress." According to the survey, only 6.6 percent of the folks living in the island state were considered frequently stressed, followed closely by South Dakotans - where only 6.7 percent of respondents reported experiencing two weeks of not-so-good mental health days.

Learn how stressed your state is when you read more.

Here's the ranking of states according to the percentage of adults experiencing frequent mental distress, and states that "tied" with the same percentage are listed together.

1. Hawaii: 6.6%
2. South Dakota: 6.7%
3. Washington DC: 7.4%
4. Kansas, Nebraska, and North Dakota: 7.5%
5. Arizona: 7.6%
6. Iowa and Montana: 7.7%
7. Illinois: 7.9%
8. Connecticut: 8%
9. Wisconsin: 8.1%
10. Minnesota: 8.2%
11. North Carolina: 8.4%
12. Alaska, Maryland, Vermont: 8.5%
13. Ohio, Wyoming: 8.6%
14. New Jersey: 8.7%
15. New Hampshire, Oklahoma: 8.8%
16. Maine, Virginia: 9%
17. Washington: 9.2%
18. Colorado, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, South Carolina: 9.3%
19. Idaho, Tennessee: 9.4%
20. Massachusetts, Georgia, Utah: 9.5%
21. New York: 9.6%
22. New Mexico, Rhode Island, Texas: 9.7%
23. Delaware: 9.8%
24. Missouri: 9.9%
25. Oregon: 10%
26. Arkansas, Florida, California: 10.1%
27. Indiana: 10.3%
28. Michigan: 10.5%
29. Alabama, Mississippi: 10.8%
30. Nevada: 10.9%
31. West Virginia: 11.2%
32. Kentucky: 14.4%

I find it sad to see that so many of the residents of my golden state are frequently stressed. How did your state fare in the survey?

Source

Jennifer Aniston: What SUP?

FitSugar — Tue, 21 Aug 2007 14:30:00 -0700

Lately a big trend among water sports enthusiasts, and our favorite celebrities, is stand up paddle surfing (SUP). So much so that even the lovely (and smart) Jennifer Aniston has taken to the sport.

Maybe it's because it's fun, but I'm sure she also likes it because SUP is a phenomenal workout. SUP is basically where you stand on a surf board (or kayak) and paddle. If requires a good deal of balance, but it's not about catching waves. SUP can be done on totally flat water and since you are standing up, you are able to get a much better view of what is going on in and out of the water. Being that it is all about balance, SUP basically works every muscle in your body. Not only are you working your legs, but you're also working your arms and core. You'll be improving your fast-twitch muscles (crucial for balance and reaction time), which makes SUP a great cross-training workout since almost all sports/exercises rely on balance and core strength. Plus since you'll probably be falling off a bunch in the beginning, you'll be getting a good workout pulling yourself back onto the board. SUP fans regularly claim that just thirty minutes will work your body much harder than several hours of surfing.

To see more pics of Jennifer (and her super toned body) in Hawaii, just read more

View 7 Photos ›

Bauer-Griffin

Yoga in Prison

FitSugar — Tue, 14 Aug 2007 08:45:00 -0700

Now I've heard about yoga helping cancer patients, and the program yogaHOPE, offering yoga classes to women in recovery or life transitions. Just recently I also heard about another yoga outreach program - yoga in prison.

Three correctional facilities in Hawaii, are offering yoga to inmates. Louisa DiGrazia is one of the yoga instructors. A decade ago, she studied the effects of prison yoga programs as a Peace Studies major at the University of Hawaii. She says that correctional facilities have found that the ancient Indian practice of yoga helps relieve "stress of inmates' daily routine," and can help establish or maintain good health.

This program, paid for by the state's annual budget for academic and elective programs, costs $13,000 a year, which only pays for 4 ongoing classes, with an enrollment of 20 students in each. Since so many inmates are responding well to the program, they want to expand the program even further. Louisa DiGrazia and her husband, owners of the Yoga School of Kailua, have already donated 2 dozen mats to the program. In addition, their yoga school, along with other businesses, have also pitched in a total of $10,000 for the yoga program.

Yoga programs have been a part of various prison systems across the country for more than 25 years. I think it's a great idea to offer yoga to everyone, especially those in emotional need. Yoga can slow us down, so we pay attention to and become aware of the important things in life. It encourages peaceful thoughts, which is so needed in a harsh environment such as a prison. What do you think about this?

Source

Hawaii Says Aloha to Nutrition

FitSugar — Thu, 11 Oct 2007 15:45:00 -0700

Do you have any idea whether or not poi is good for you (or what the heck it is for that matter)? If so, you're not alone, as most people, even native Hawaiians, are unaware of which foods common in Hawaii are healthy and which are not.

Hawaii, just like all the other states, suffers from an obesity problem. Hawai'i Foods is the first online database centered around the nutritional information for Hawaiian favorites. So if you're lucky enough to live in Hawaii or even if you're going to be visiting anytime soon and you want to eat locally, but also healthfully, then you should definitely check out Hawai'i Foods.

Oh, and in case you were wondering, one cup of that purplish poi has a whopping 269 calories!

Ellen's Hawaii Chair Workout

FitSugar — Mon, 04 Feb 2008 14:45:00 -0800

Laughing definitely burns more calories than this workout, and boy, did I laugh. You will too.

Never in a million years could I see us using Hawaii Chairs at the Sugar headquarters, but that would be hilarious.

The State of Eating Veggies in the US

FitSugar — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 17:35:55 -0700

When it comes to eating enough veggies and fruits, Americans are failing miserably. The CDC estimates that only 14 percent of adults and fewer than 10 percent of teenagers in the US eat three servings of vegetables and two servings of fruit on a daily basis.

And you know, five servings of fruit and veggies is the minimum suggestion. Many health advocates believe we should be eating nine servings of produce daily. The percentages above represent the national average; in some states only nine percent of the adults eat enough produce. The CDC published this first state-by-state report to help us all understand how far off the mark we are when it comes to nutrition.

Here's the CDC list, ranking states from lowest to highest percentage of folks meeting the recommended servings of fruit and veggies.

1. Mississippi: 8.8%

2. Oklahoma and South Carolina: 9.3%

3. Alabama: 9.8%

4. South Dakota: 10.1%

5. West Virginia: 10.3%

Didn't see your state in the bottom five? Then keep on reading.

Gabby Reece on Getting Physical With Laird Hamilton

FitSugar — Sat, 26 Sep 2009 03:30:00 -0700

When it comes to fit couples, like former pro beach volleyball fitness guru Gabby Reece and her hunk of a husband pro surfer Laird Hamilton, you have to wonder if they work out together.

When posed with Sugar user Spectra's question, "What kind of activities do you do with Laird to stay fit?" Gabby quickly responded, with an almost inaudible chuckle, "Oh my gosh, I try not to train with Laird. We've been together for almost 14 years and always joke that we are both too bossy to train together trying to tell each other what to do, and he always wins. I would say Laird is far more advanced in some of the things he is able to do. I use him as an inspiration."

To learn how Laird inspired her to start biking, read more.

Laird urged Gabby to start biking suggesting that it was a great way to explore the beauty Hawaii has to offer. She also occasionally works out with the "boys" when she misses her own workout group due to scheduling conflicts. She explains that the workout,

"is really hard. I am there just barely silent holding on for dear life. But I am learning. . . You can always learn more, because it gets boring. Part of it is being around people . . . that give ideas and inspiration on how to do different things to keep it fresh."

Gabby did go on to say they do stuff in the water together as a couple and as a family, but training together happens "only once in a blue moon" and that might be what keeps them together.

My husband and I cycle together, but we had to hash out the parameters since we have different approaches to attacking hills and speeding down descents. What about you? Do work out with your husband, partner, boyfriend?

"F as in Fat" 2009 Finds Mississippi Heaviest State

FitSugar — Tue, 07 Jul 2009 03:45:17 -0700

The Trust For America's Health compiles a report every year, detailing how our nation's obesity policies are failing. The report, titled F as in Fat, doesn't mince words, but it does break down the rates of obesity by state.

For the fifth year in a row, Mississippi has the unfortunate distinction of topping the list with 32.5 percent of its adult population considered obese. The magnolia state also ranks number one for childhood weight woes; just over 44 percent of the population of 10- to 17-year-olds are considered overweight or obese.

This report does much more than finger-point; it examines state and federal policy and how it relates to the obesity epidemic. It looks at the relationship between obesity and the economy - cheap food is often unhealthy. There is even a section on how Summer break affects childhood obesity, titled "The Summer Slide." The report also makes recommendations for policy reform, changes in infrastructure (more sidewalks and bike paths, for one), and personal responsibility. You can find the entire 108-page report online in PDF format.

See how your state ranked.

Stephanie Pratt Says The Hills Made Her Bulimic

FitSugar — Thu, 18 Jun 2009 11:10:25 -0700

In a recent issue of Us Weekly, Stephanie Pratt opened up for the first time about her struggle with bulimia. Stephanie cites working alongside her super-skinny costars on The Hills as the cause of her eating disorder, which began after joining the cast in 2007. After watching a scene she shot with Lauren Conrad, the 5'7" star said, "I was horrified. I remember saying, 'I can't believe how huge I look walking over to Lauren.'" Then the awful cycle of binging and purging began. When filming in Hawaii with female cast members clad in only bikinis, Stephanie wore a bathing suit and a cover-up. When she asked costar Audrina Patridge what looked better, "shirt on or off," and Audrina responded "On," Pratt really felt the pressures to be thin. Stephanie said she never felt pressure directly from the producers, but she said, "It's embarrassing working with skinny girls."

Do you empathize with Stephanie? Have you ever felt pressure from your peers or co-workers to be "skinny"?

Source

Hypercholesterolemia

FitSugar — Wed, 08 Oct 2008 17:34:56 -0700

HEALTH GUIDE REFERENCE FROM A.D.A.M

Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, occurs when there is too much cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that is a natural component of all the cells of the body. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Any added cholesterol, which comes through the foods you eat, can cause harm.

High cholesterol raises your risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. When there is too much cholesterol circulating in the blood, it can create sticky deposits (called plaque) along the artery walls. Plaque can eventually narrow or block the flow of blood to the brain, heart, and other organs.

The normal range for total blood cholesterol is between 140 and 200 mg per decilitre (mg/dL) of blood (usually just expressed as a number). However, the total number doesn't tell the whole story: There are two types of cholesterol -- HDL (high-density lipoproteins, or "good" cholesterol) and LDL (low-density lipoproteins, or "bad" cholesterol). The amount of HDL relative to LDL is considered a more important indicator of your risk for heart disease. There is a third kind of fatty material, triglycerides, found in the blood, that also plays a role (generally as triglyceride levels rise, HDL or "good" cholesterol falls). High cholesterol is characterized by high levels of LDL cholesterol, normal or low levels of HDL cholesterol, and normal or high levels of triglycerides.

More and more Americans have high cholesterol. While heredity may be a factor for some people, lack of exercise plus diets high in saturated fats appear to be the main culprits. High cholesterol can be prevented, often with lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) alone. If these do not work, your doctor may recommend medications to bring down your cholesterol levels.

Signs and Symptoms

High cholesterol generally occurs without any symptoms, especially in early stages. The only way to tell if your cholesterol is high is through a blood test.

Causes

In some cases, high levels cholesterol may be inherited -- your liver may make too much cholesterol, or your body may not remove LDL from your blood as efficiently as normal. High cholesterol or triglycerides can also be associated with other diseases, such as diabetes. In most cases, however, high cholesterol is the result of a diet high in saturated fat and a lack of regular exercise. High cholesterol is more common in people who are overweight or obese, a condition that is true of as much as half of the adult U.S. population.

Risk Factors

There are certain factors that put a person at increased risk of having high cholesterol. While some factors cannot be altered by changes in lifestyle, many can be changed. The most important risk factors for high cholesterol are:

Obesity
Eating a diet high in saturated fat and trans fatty acids (found frequently in processed and fried foods)
Not getting enough exercise
Family history of heart disease
High blood pressure
Smoking cigarettes
Diabetes

Diagnosis

Since most people have few if any symptoms of high cholesterol, a blood test is the only way to check levels of cholesterol in your blood. If your levels are above 200 mg/dL or your HDL below 40, your doctor may do a fasting lipid profile (a test performed after you abstain from food for 12 hours).

Although cholesterol levels above 200 are generally considered high, the optimal level for LDL cholesterol depends on whether you are at risk for or have heart disease.

Total cholesterol levels:

Desirable: Below 200 mg/dL
Borderline high: 200 - 239
High: Above 240

LDL cholesterol levels:

Optimal for people with heart disease or at high risk: Below 70 mg/dL
Optimal for people at risk of heart disease: Below 100
Optimal: 100 - 129
Borderline high: 130 - 159
High: 160 - 189

HDL cholesterol levels:

Poor: Below 40 mg/dL
Acceptable: 40 - 59
Optimal: 60 or above

Triglyceride levels:

Optimal: Below 150 mg/dL
Borderline high: 150 - 199
High: Above 200

Adults with normal total and HDL cholesterol levels should have their cholesterol checked every 5 years. If you have high cholesterol, you should be checked every 2 - 6 months and have liver function tests as well if you are on cholesterol-lowering medication.

Preventive Care

Most people can lower cholesterol levels by eating a well-balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and losing any excess weight.

Diet

A healthy diet can help you lose any excess pounds. Even losing just 5 or 10 pounds may help you lower your cholesterol. To eat a healthy diet:

Cut down on saturated fats and trans fats. No more than 10 percent of your daily calories should come from saturated fat, and you should avoid trans fats completely. Choose unsaturated fats, such as olive oil and canola oil, instead.
Eat whole grains -- whole wheat bread and pasta, oatmeal, oat bran, and brown rice.
Eat more fruits and vegetables, which are high in fiber and can help lower cholesterol levels.
Limit cholesterol in your diet. The highest amounts are found in egg yolks, whole milk products, and organ meats.
Eat fatty fish. The American Heart Association recommends that people eat at least 2 servings of fatty fish (such as salmon or herring) each week.

The American Heart Association (AHA) has developed dietary guidelines that help lower fat and cholesterol intake and reduce the risk of heart disease. The AHA does not recommend very low-fat diets, because new research shows that people benefit from unsaturated ("good") fats, such as those found in olive oil, in their diet.

Many fad diets are popular, but they may not help you lose weight and keep it off -- and in some cases, they may not even be healthy. Any healthy diet will include a variety of foods. If a diet bans an entire food group (such as carbohydrates), it's probably not healthy.

The AHA recommends the following for healthy eating:

Grains: 6 - 8 servings per day (half should be whole grains)
Vegetables: 3 - 5 servings per day
Fruits: 4 - 5 servings per day
Fat-free or low-fat dairy: 2 - 3 servings per day
Lean meat, poultry, seafood: 3 - 6 oz. per day (about the size of a deck of cards)
Fats and oils: 2 - 3 tbsp. per day (use unsaturated fats such as olive oil or canola oil)
Nuts, seeds, legumes: 3 - 5 servings per week
Sweets, sugars: 5 or fewer servings per week (the fewer, the better)

In addition, the AHA also recommends eating 2 servings of fatty fish (such as salmon, herring, or lake trout) per week; holding sodium (salt, including salt already added to food) to less than 2,400 mg per day; and limiting alcohol intake to one drink a day for women and two for men.

The Mediterranean style diet concentrates on whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, and moderate, daily wine consumption. This diet is not low-fat. Instead, it is low in saturated fat but high in monounsaturated fat. This diet is naturally rich in fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. It appears to be heart-healthy: In a long-term study of 423 patients who had a heart attack, those who followed a Mediterranean style diet had a 50 - 70% lower risk of recurrent heart disease compared with people who received no special dietary counseling.

Losing Weight

Being overweight increases risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. Even a 5- to 10-pound weight loss can lower LDL twice as much as diet alone. Weight loss often results in lower triglyceride levels and increased HDL, too. To maintain a healthy diet, you should aim for a gradual, weekly weight loss of 1/2 to 1 pound.

Getting Exercise

Regular exercise both reduces the risk of death from heart disease and helps lower LDL cholesterol levels, especially when combined with a healthy diet. Thirty minutes of moderate exercise three to five times per week can help you lose weight or maintain a proper weight, reduce LDL and triglyceride levels, and increase levels of HDL. Exercise may also lower blood pressure. Talk with your doctor before starting a new exercise plan.

Treatment Approach

Lowering your cholesterol level reduces your risk of heart disease and stroke. Studies have shown that for every 1% reduction in cholesterol levels there is a 2% reduction in the rate of heart disease. People who already have heart disease or are at higher risk benefit most from lowering their cholesterol.

Changes in lifestyle -- better diet, more exercise -- are the most effective means of both preventing and, in less severe cases, treating high LDL cholesterol levels. In addition to lifestyle changes, specific cholesterol-lowering medications are often prescribed.

Medications

If, after making adjustments to your diet and exercise habits, your LDL cholesterol remains high, your doctor may prescribe medications to lower it. If your cholesterol is extremely elevated (more than 200 mg/dL), you may start drug therapy at the same time you make lifestyle changes. Drugs commonly used to treat high cholesterol include:

Statins (such as lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and fluvastatin) -- These are usually the drugs of choice as they are easy to take and have few interactions with other drugs. Side effects can include myositis (inflammation of the muscles), joint pain, stomach upset, and liver damage. People who are pregnant or have liver disease should not take statins.

Niacin (nicotinic acid) -- In prescription form, niacin is sometimes used to lower LDL cholesterol and can be more effective in raising HDL cholesterol than other medications. Side effects may include redness or flushing of the skin (which can be reduced by taking aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin), stomach upset (which usually subsides in a few weeks), headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and liver damage. Dietary supplements of niacin should not be used instead of prescription niacin, as it can cause side effects. Only take niacin for high cholesterol with your doctor's supervision.

Bile acid sequestrants (such as cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam) -- These are used to treat high levels of LDL. Common side effects include bloating, constipation, heartburn, and elevated triglycerides. People who have high levels of triglycerides (fats in the blood) should not take bile acid sequestrants.

Fibric acid derivatives (such as gemfibrozil and clofibrate) -- These medicines are effective at lowering triglyceride levels, and moderately effective at lowering LDL. They are used to treat high triglycerides and low HDL in people who cannot tolerate niacin. Side effects include myositis, stomach upset, sun sensitivity, gallstones, irregular heartbeat, and liver damage.

Probuchol -- This medicine lowers both LDL and HDL. Its use is generally limited to certain types of hereditary high cholesterol or when other cholesterol-lowering medications have been ineffective. Side effects include diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and dizziness

If you do not respond to one class of drugs, you doctor may use a combination of drugs from two classes.

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements

In addition to eating a healthy diet -- low in saturated fat, with plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables -- some specific foods and supplements may help lower cholesterol.

Fiber -- Several studies have shown that soluble fiber (found in beans, oat bran, barley, apples, psyllium, flaxseed, and glucomannan) lowers LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Fiber can also help you lose weight because it makes you feel full faster. Your doctor will encourage you to get more fiber in your diet. You may also take a fiber supplement. Men should get 30 - 38 g of fiber per day. Women should get 21 - 25 g.

Soy -- Many studies have shown that eating soy protein (tofu, tempeh, miso) rather than animal meat helps lower blood cholesterol levels, especially when you eat a diet low in saturated fat. One study has shown that as little as 20 g of soy protein per day is effective in reducing total cholesterol, and that 40 - 50 g shows faster effects (in 3 weeks instead of 6). One study has shown that soy can help reduce triglyceride levels. The AHA recommends that people with elevated total and LDL cholesterol add soy to their daily diet, and that soy is safe when consumed as part of your regular diet. Before you take soy supplements, however, talk to your doctor. Soy isoflavones may have estrogen-like effects on the body, which might lead to an increased risk of breast and other cancers.

Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil -- There is good evidence that omega-3 fatty acids (namely EPA and DHA) found in fish oil can help prevent heart disease, lower blood pressure, and reduce the level of triglycerides (fats) in the blood. However, fish oil can also raise levels of both HDL and LDL slightly. When taken as a supplement, it can also act as a blood-thinner, so people who already take blood-thinning medication should only take a fish oil supplement under their doctor's supervision. The AHA recommends that people eat at least two servings of fatty fish (such as salmon) per week, and that fish is safe when consumed as part of your regular diet. If you have high cholesterol, talk to your doctor before taking a fish oil supplement.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) -- ALA is another omega-3 fatty acid that may protect the heart against heart disease. However, studies have shown conflicting results about its ability lower LDL, and it does not appear to lower triglyceride levels.

Vitamin C (100 - 200 mg per day) -- Several studies suggest that eating a diet high in vitamin C can help lower cholesterol levels, but there is no evidence that taking extra vitamin C through a supplement will help.

Beta-sitosterol (800 mg to 6 g per day in divided doses about 30 minutes before meals) -- Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol, a compound that can stop cholesterol from being absorbed by the intestines. Several well-designed scientific studies have shown that beta-sitosterol does lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels in the body. Beta-sitosterol may lower the amount of vitamin E and beta-carotene absorbed by the body, so you may want to ask your doctor if you need to take extra vitamin E or carotene.

Policosanol (5 - 10 mg two times per day) -- Policosanol is a mix of waxy alcohols usually derived from sugar cane and yams. Several studies have indicated it may lower LDL ('bad") cholesterol and possibly even raise HDL ("good") cholesterol. One study found that policosanol was equivalent to fluvastatin (Lescol) and simvastatin (Zocor) in lowering cholesterol levels. It may also inhibit blood clots from forming. However, almost all the studies have been conducted in Cuba or Latin America using a proprietary form of policosanol, so it is hard to evaluate the evidence. Policosanol may increase the risk of bleeding, and should not be taken by people who also take blood-thinning medication.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) -- Researchers believe that CoQ10 may inhibit blood clot formation and boost levels of antioxidants. One study found that people who received daily CoQ10 supplements within 3 days of a heart attack were much less likely to experience subsequent heart attacks and chest pain and were also less likely to die of the condition than those who did not receive the supplements. Still, more research is needed to say whether CoQ10 has any role in preventing or treating atherosclerosis. People who take statins may have low levels of CoQ10. If you take statins you may want to ask your doctor about taking a CoQ10 supplement.

Polyphenols -- Polyphenols are chemical substances found in plants that have antioxidant properties. Test tube, animal, and some population-based studies suggest that the flavonoids quercetin, resveratrol, and catechins (all found in high concentration in red wine, and in grape juice) may help reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by protecting against the damage caused by LDL cholesterol. However, more studies in humans are needed to confirm these findings.

Resveratrol -- A recent study of resveratrol in mice found that it protected against age-related damage to vital organs, including the heart and liver, even when the mice ate a high-fat diet. Although this study is promising, researchers need to confirm its findings and to determine whether resveratrol would have the same effect in humans. To equal the rate at which the mice were given resveratrol, humans would have to consume enormous quantities. In addition, resveratrol may have estrogen-like effects, and researchers don't yet know whether it would pose the same risks as estrogen supplements.

Herbs

The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, can trigger side effects and can interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a healthcare practitioner.

Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna, 900 - 1,800 mg per day in two or three divided doses) -- Hawthorn contains the polyphenols rutin and quercetin, and was used traditionally to treat cardiovascular diseases. Animal and laboratory studies show that hawthorn has antioxidant properties that may help lower high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Talk to your doctor before taking hawthorn, as it can interact with other drugs taken for heart disease and high blood pressure.

Garlic ( Allium sativum, 900 mg per day of garlic powder, standardized to 0.6% allicin) -- Previous clinical trials have shown that fresh garlic and garlic supplements may lower cholesterol levels, prevent blood clots, and destroy plaque. However, more recent studies show no effect on cholesterol. Garlic can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be taken if you are also taking blood-thinning medication.

Red yeast ( Monascus purpureus , 1,200 mg two times per day with meals) -- Several studies indicate that a proprietary form of red yeast (Cholestin) can lower cholesterol levels, and that the herb acts like prescription statin drugs (See "Medications" section). For that reason, you should not take red yeast without a doctor's supervision, especially if you already take statins to lower cholesterol.

Psyllium ( Plantago psyllium, 10 - 30 g per day in divided doses taken 30 - 60 minutes after meals) -- Taking psyllium, a type of fiber, helps lower cholesterol levels as well as blood sugar levels. If you take medicine for diabetes, talk to your doctor before taking psyllium.

Guggul (Commiphora mukul, 3 - 6 g per day) -- Guggul is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat high cholesterol levels. Scientific studies have found mixed results -- guggul appears to work in Indian populations, but not in people who eat Western-style, high-fat diets.

Other Considerations

Pregnancy

Cholesterol-lowering medications should be avoided during pregnancy.

Prognosis and Complications

Several complications may occur if high cholesterol is left untreated. These include:

Heart disease -- elevated cholesterol levels more than double the risk of heart attack. Lowering cholesterol by 1% reduces the risk of coronary artery disease by 2%.
Stroke -- low levels of HDL cholesterol have been associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Insulin resistance -- 88% of people with low HDL and 84% with high triglycerides also have insulin resistance (which leads to high blood sugar levels). Many people with insulin resistance go on to develop diabetes.

Maintaining the proper weight, eating a diet low in saturated fat, and exercising can lower cholesterol levels and improve long-term prognosis.

Supporting Research

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Bravo E, Napolitano M, Lopez-Soldado I, Valeri M, Botham KM, Stefanutti C. Hypercholesterolaemia alters the responses of the plasma lipid profile and inflammatory markers to supplementation of the diet with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006 Nov;36(11):788-95.

Calderon Jr. R, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Myers HF, Nidich SI, Haney C. Stress, stress reduction and hypercholesterolemia in African Americans: a review. Ethn Dis. 1999;9:451-462.

Castillo-Richmond A, Schneider RH, Alexander CN, et al. Effects of stress reduction on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans. Stroke. 2000;31:568-573.

Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:8:1989-1994.

Davidson MH, Maki KC, Kalkowski J, Schaefer EJ, Torri SA, Drennan KB. Effects of docosahexeaenoic acid on serum lipoproteins in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:3:236-243.

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Review Date:
3/23/2007
Reviewed By:
Steven D. Ehrlich, N.M.D., private practice specializing in complementary and alternative medicine, Phoenix, AZ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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